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Raphael Coxie〔Name and spelling variations: Raphael Coxcie, Raphael van Coxcie, Raphael van Coxcie, Raphael de Coxcie〕 (c. 1540 – 1616), was a Flemish Renaissance painter mainly known for his portrait and history paintings. ==Life== Details about the life and career of the artist are sketchy. He was only rediscovered as a distinctive artist in the 19th century as it was earlier believed that Raphael Coxie was another name for Michiel Coxie, one of the leading Flemish Renaissance painters who was known in his time as the 'Flemish Raphael'. It is generally believed that Raphael Coxie was born in Mechelen as the eldest son of Michiel Coxie by his first wife Ida van Hasselt. The time of birth was likely between 1539, the year of his father's return from Italy, and 1543, the year his father was registered in the Brussels Guild of Saint Luke and declared to have a son named Raphael.〔Nina D’haeseleer, 2007, p. 14〕 Raphael Coxie is said to have been given his first name because of the admiration of his father for the Italian painter known by that name.〔(Het Laatste Oordeel van Raphael Coxie ) at Lukas web〕 He was the older brother of Anna and Willem and half brother of Michiel the Younger. Anna was a sculptor and later became a nun while Willem and Michiel the Younger were painters.〔(Guillaume Coxie ) at the Netherlands Institute for Art History 〕〔(Michiel Coxie ) at the Netherlands Institute for Art History 〕 He was a pupil of his father and became master in the Mechelen Guild of Saint Luke in 1562. He is documented as residing in Mechelen up to the early 1580s. His first wife Jeanne van Bekercke was buried in Mechelen in 1577 and he then married Elisabeth Cauthals who also died. He moved to Antwerp some time between 1581 and 1585 where he became master in the local Guild of St. Luke in 1585. He had by that time married a third time. His last wife was Anna Jonghelinck and a son of theirs was baptized in Antwerp on 20 Januari 1585.〔Nina D’haeseleer, 2007, p. 17〕 Raphael was a passionate gardener and friend of the Flemish botanist Carolus Clusius to whom he sent drawings of flowers, which Clusius used in his scientific publications.〔Florike Egmond, ''The World of Carolus Clusius: Natural History in the Making, 1550-1610'', Pickering & Chatto, 2010, p. 20〕 After the Fall of Antwerp in 1585 he was commissioned to make the painting of the retable of the Virgin Mary for the altar of the Confrerie of Our Lady in the Antwerp Cathedral. He executed the painting in collaboration with Hans Vredeman de Vries, who was responsible for the architectonic elements of the composition.〔(Edm. De Busscher, ''Raphaël Van Coxcie'' ) in: La Biographie Nationale de Belgique, Volume 4, p. 462-466 〕 He was active from 1586 in Brussels where he became a master of the local painter's guild in 1605. In the period 1588-89 he spent time in Ghent on a major commission for a painting of the ''Last Judgement'' to be placed in the chamber of the city aldermen. The painting had been ordered by the local city magistrate to replace a panel by Cornelis van der Goes that had gone missing after the iconoclastic fury of the Beeldenstorm.〔 The fee for the work had not been agreed beforehand and when the Ghent aldermen offered to pay an amount of 1,000 guilders Coxie relied on a clause in the contract to have the value of the painting assessed by masters or other persons knowledgeable on these matters. The artists Marten De Vos, Ambrosius Francken I, Gillis Mostaert and Bernaert de Rijckere were asked to value the painting and they put its value at an amount of about 1,400 guilders. The aldermen paid the amount of 1,400 guilders but then a conflict arose over the return of the advance fee received by Coxie. This led to judicial proceedings which were decided by the Council of Flanders in favour of Coxie seven years later.〔Nina D’haeseleer, 2007, p. 46-52〕 While in Ghent Coxie also painted a ''Resurrection of Christ'' for the monks of the Abbey of Drongen, which he donated to them in gratitude for their hospitality.〔 Coxie received an annual allocation of 50 florins from the city of Brussels in exchange for putting his talents at the disposal of the Brussels' tapestry manufacturers.〔Bulletins de l'Académie royale des sciences, des lettres et des beaux arts de Belgique. Académie royale des sciences, des lettres et des beaux-arts de Belgique. Volume 1884 ser. 3 v. 7, 1834, p. 65-66 〕 He is recorded in 1597 as making, in collaboration with Gilbert van Veen, several portraits commissioned by Philip II of Spain.〔Nina D’haeseleer, 2007, p. 20〕 There is uncertainty as to whether or when Coxie was appointed court painter to Philip II of Spain. Some authors place the date of such appointment during Coxie's stay in Mechelen while others date it to the period after he moved to Brussels in 1586.〔〔Nina D’haeseleer, 2007, p. 22-23〕 Coxie married three times and had four children, none of whom followed in his profession. He died in Brussels in 1596.〔 His pupils included Jacob van der Gracht, Andries van Baesrode (I) and Jacob van der Heyden.〔 According to the early Flemish biographer Cornelis de Bie, Gaspar de Crayer was also his apprentice.〔Hans Vlieghe. "Crayer, Gaspar de." Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 2 Nov. 2014〕 He possibly also trained his half-brother Michiel II and his nephew Michiel III.〔Nina D’haeseleer, 2007, p. 23〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Raphael Coxie」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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